Learn Chinese online - US study finds potential new ways to fight aging

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WORLD / Health

US study finds potential new ways to fight aging

(Agencies)
Updated: 2007-09-21 10:18

Washington - Researchers said on Thursday they had found more ways to
activate the body's own anti-aging defenses - perhaps with a pill that
could fight multiple diseases at once.

An elderly man takes a stroll in Datteln, Germany in this April 16, 2006
file photo. Children are of course the biggest casualty when a couple
breaks up -- but all too often grandparents also suffer at a time when
they could act as a much-needed anchor. [Reuters]?

Their study, published in the journal Cell, helps explain why animals fed
very low-calorie diets live longer, but it also offers new ways to try to
replicate the effects of these diets using a pill instead of hunger, the
researchers said.

"What we are talking about is potentially having one pill that prevents
and even cures many diseases at once," said David Sinclair, a pathologist
at Harvard Medical School who helped lead the research.

Sinclair helped found a company that is working on drugs based on this
research, Sirtris Pharmaceuticals.

The key is a family of enzymes called sirtuins. They are controlled by
genes called SIRT1, SIRT2 and so on.

Last year, researchers showed that stimulating SIRT1 can help yeast cells
live longer.

Sinclair, working with colleagues at his company, at Cornell University
in New York and the US National Institutes of Health, identified the
actions of two more sirtuin genes called SIRT3 and SIRT4.

They found the enzymes controlled by these genes help preserve the
mitochondria -- little organs inside of cells that provide their energy.

"These two genes, SIRT3 and SIRT4, they make proteins that go into
mitochondria. ... These are little energy packs inside our cells that are
very important for staying healthy and youthful and, as we age, we lose
them and they get less efficient," Sinclair said in a videotaped
statement.

Slowing?everyday aging

"They are also very important for keeping the cells healthy and alive
when they undergo stress and DNA damage, as we undergo every day during
the aging process."

Sinclair and colleagues have found in other studies that even if the rest
of a cell is destroyed - the nucleus and other parts - it can still
function if the mitochondria are alive.

His team found that fasting raises levels of another protein called NAD.
This, in turn, activates SIRT3 and SIRT4 in the mitochondria of the cell
and these help keep the mitochondria youthful.

"We've reason to believe now that these two genes may be potential drug
targets for diseases associated with aging," Sinclair said.

"Theoretically, we can envision a small molecule (pill) that can increase
levels of NAD, or SIRT3 and SIRT4 directly, in the mitochondria. Such a
molecule could be used for many age-related diseases," he added.

"Diseases like heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis -- even things like
cataracts. What we are aiming to do is to find the body's natural
processes that can slow down aging and treat these diseases."

Sirtris is already working on such drugs. It has an experimental pill
called SRT501, which it is testing in Phase 2a trials in patients with
type-2 diabetes.

"These exciting new data further validate sirtuins as attractive targets
for drug development to treat diseases of aging," Dr. Christoph Westphal,
chief executive officer of Sirtris, said in a statement.

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